Researchers from the University of Fukui have discovered a potential link between autism risk in children and specific fatty acids found in umbilical cord blood. This new study, involving 200 children, sheds light on how polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) present at birth may influence autism spectrum disorder (ASD) development.
The team identified a compound called diHETrE, derived from arachidonic acid, as having a significant impact on ASD symptoms. According to Professor Hideo Matsuzaki, a child mental development expert at the University of Fukui, “The levels of diHETrE in cord blood at birth significantly impacted subsequent ASD symptoms in children and were also associated with impaired adaptive functioning.” The research suggests that higher levels of diHETrE are linked to social interaction difficulties, while lower levels correlate with repetitive and restrictive behaviors. Interestingly, these effects were more pronounced in girls.
The umbilical cord blood samples were collected and preserved immediately after birth, and ASD symptoms were assessed when the children reached six years old. The findings indicate that measuring diHETrE levels at birth could become a valuable tool for predicting a child’s risk of developing ASD.
Early intervention is crucial for children with ASD, and detecting it at birth could enhance support and outcomes. Matsuzaki also mentioned the possibility of inhibiting diHETrE metabolism during pregnancy as a potential preventive measure, though further research is needed.
Published in Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, the study builds on previous research in mouse models, suggesting that PUFA and their metabolites during pregnancy play a vital role in ASD development. Matsuzaki explained, “CYP metabolism forms both epoxy fatty acids (EpFAs), which have anti-inflammatory effects, and dihydroxy fatty acids, or ‘diols,’ which have inflammatory properties.”
The researchers hypothesized that the dynamics of these metabolites during the fetal period, particularly lower EpFA levels, higher diol levels, and increased EpFA metabolic enzymes, could influence ASD symptoms and daily functioning challenges in children after birth.
This study opens a promising avenue for understanding, diagnosing, and potentially preventing ASD, offering hope for improved diagnostics and treatment in the future.
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